Surprisingly, the addition of urea injection in 2009 didn’t improve the diesel’s fuel economy;
Worried about that statement; what about urea injection made the author think that it would improve economy? It's there purely for the removal of NOx.
SCR setups are typically more fuel efficient for a given power output than increasing EGR. Overall operating costs may be a wash though once the injection fluid costs are factored in.
A good summary:
http://fleetowner.com/management/feature/scr_egr_0701SCR advantages:
•Permits more optimized combustion
•Can enable better fuel efficiency/power
•No concerns about engine durability/oil degradation
•End product is nitrogen, water and carbon dioxide
•Urea not classified as hazardous to health
SCR trade-offs:
•System adds weight
•Adequate urea supply infrastructure not yet in place
•Purchasing urea is additional cost
•System, including sensors and other compliance-related devices, must be maintained
•Urea freezes at 12 deg. F., so may require heated storage
•Most effective at constant speeds and high loads; least in stop/start
•Urea (also in some fertilizers) is a water pollutant/harmful to fish
Cooled EGR advantages:
•Does not require additional onboard hardware
•Does not require the use of an additional fluid
•No loss of payload
•No impact on service intervals
•No driver intervention necessary for compliance
Cooled EGR trade-offs:
•Increases heat rejection, creating need for greater cooling capacity
•Decreases power density, fuel efficiency
•Potential engine durability and oil degradation issues
•Less combustion efficiency produces increased particulate matter, hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide