Wiki says "In September 1977 every speed-limit sign in the country was changed from miles per hour to kilometres per hour."
I believe most cars changed with the 1978 model year, but Volvo went a year early. I bought a new 1977 242DL in June 1977 and it was metric, but it had a decal on the lower left corner of the windshield converting Imperial to metric (because buyers would be seeing Imperial signs for the rest of the model year).
My recollection (fairly strong but could be wrong) was that Chrysler went in 1977 also. I don't know which others did.
I also recall that Vancouver almost didn't convert with the rest of the country. A day or two before the big switch, the Mayor learned that 50 km/h was actually 31.07 MPH, not 30. Concerned about the dangers of this higher speed, he ordered a halt. Then I guess someone had a talk with him and we were good to go.