If the wheels are clear-coated then you could try traditional wheel/rim cleaners like Meguiar's Hot Rims.
For wheels with significant brake dust/grime build-up my technicians have been successful in using ACDelco Engine Shampoo. Spray it on, let it sit for a few minutes and agitate where/if necessary before rinsing. It is a heavy-duty degreaser which can also be used on engine bays, removal of rust-proofing, etc.