Of course extensions affect torque. Go out and buy an impact gun and learn from experience.
Steve, we're not even discussing impact guns and those sockets that limit torque. Pros don't use impact guns to tighten wheel nuts.
So if you can now explain how a solid extension or even a deep socket (and thats all we've been talking about) affects torque, I'm all ears.
Define "most". Name them.
1/2 inch clicker type wheel torque wrenches, generally low end Chinese no names as found in Crappy Tire have a wide variance of quality and the durability. To say that they are or hold a calibration of 4% or less is ridiculous. Assume 10% variation on even a new one unless it is a Snap-on or Mack which generally run $250.
"Most" brands will make that claim. And unless you have the calibrating facilities that we do (and by the way, we work at the Standards Level where we calibrate the torque calibrators), you'll never know how well you can trust your reading.
Besides, when is the last time most users even had their torque wrench calibrated? Most don't even know a calibration of any measuring device is necessary. They see a number on a DMM and its gospel!
As for 4%, my Snap-On is well within that and that was 17 years after I bought it. Let me pull up my Excel spread sheet: yup, in the upper 80% of its range where they are spec'd, it is well within spec,
but more importantly, it is repeatable as I do 5 runs at each setting. Thats the most important charachteristic of any measuring device...is it repeatable. I don't care if I have to set 75 lbf.ft. to get a true 80 lbf.ft. as long as I know that is the case every time.
I have three Snap-On torque wrenches (1/4, 3/8, 1/2) and they are all in spec and calibrated. If I want to be spot on, I'll pull out my calibration charts and set whatever I need to to be spot on, but 4% is more than good enough. Hell, angle torquing is far more accurate.